JAVA

Java is an island in Indonesia with 136 million inhabitants, this island is the most densely populated islands in the world and is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. The island is inhabited by 60% of the population of Indonesia. The capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, is located in western Java. Many Indonesia's history took place on the island. Java used to be a center of some of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, Islamic sultanates, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration, as well as the center of Indonesia's independence movement. The island is very big impact on social life, politics, and economy of Indonesia. Java island is largely formed from volcanic activity, is the thirteenth largest island in the world, and the fifth largest in Indonesia. A row of volcanoes forming ranges running from east to west of the island. There are three main languages ​​on the island, but the majority of the population uses the Java language. Java language is the mother tongue of 60 million population of Indonesia, and most of the speakers dwelt on the island of Java. Most residents are bilingual, speaking both as Indonesia's first or second language. Most of the inhabitants of Java are Muslim, but there are diverse religions, beliefs, religion, ethnic group, and culture on this island. The island is administratively divided into four provinces, namely West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Banten; as well as two specific areas, namely Jakarta and Yogyakarta.he origin of the name 'Java' is not clear. One possibility is the island's name is derived from the Java-wut plant, which are found on the island in ancient times, before the advent of Indian influence of this island may have many names. There were also allegations that the island is derived from the word meaning Jaú "far".
in Sanskrit means yava barley plant, a plant that made the island famous. Yawadvipa called in the Indian epic Ramayana. Sugriva, commander Vanara (ape man) of Sri Rama's army, sent their representatives Yawadvipa (Java) to find Dewi Shinta. Then on the basis of literary India especially Tamil literature, known by the Sanskrit name yāvaka dvīpa (dvīpa = island). Another allegation is that the word "Java" is derived from the root word in Proto-Austronesian languages​​, which means 'house'. This island is part of the Great Sunda islands and Sundaland, which in the period before the ice melts the southeastern tip of continental Asia. Fossil remains of Homo erectus, popularly dubbed "Java Man", found along the banks of Solo River, and the relics are from the 1.7 million years ago. [5] Sangiran is an important prehistoric sites in Java. Some of the megalithic structures have been found in Java, such as menhir, dolmen, stone table, and the pyramid staircase, commonly called berundak punden. Punden terraces and menhirs found in megalithic sites in Paguyangan, Cisolok, and Gunung Padang, West Java. Cipari megalithic sites are also found in West Java showing the structure of the monolith, a stone terrace, and sarcophagi. [6] punden staircase is considered to be the

original strukstur archipelago and is the basic design of the temple in the days of Hindu-Buddhist kingdom of the archipelago after local residents received the influence of Hindu civilization -Buddha from India. At the 4th century BC to the 1st century or the M-5 Culture Buni is a clay pottery culture growing on the north coast of West Java. This is the predecessor of Culture protosejarah Tarumanagara kingdom.Java island is very fertile and high rainfall allows the development of rice cultivation in the wetlands, thus encouraging the formation of village level cooperation is increasingly complex. Of village alliances, grew a small kingdoms. Range of volcanic mountains and the highlands surrounding the stretches along the island of Java causing the interior regions of this island and its people are relatively separated from outside influences. [7] In the period before the development of Islamic countries and the arrival of European colonialism, the river- The main rivers are the nexus of society, although most of the short homage to the river in Java. Only the Brantas and Solo River which can be a means of connecting long-distance, so that the river valleys, forming the center of great empires.Estimated a transport system which consists of a network of roads, permanent bridges, and post excise levies on Java island has been formed at least in the mid-17th century. The local authorities have the power over these routes, the monsoon rains can also interfere with the trip, and so did the use of the roads are very dependent on constant maintenance. It could be said that the nexus between the inhabitants of the island of Java at that time is difficult. Origin myths of Java island and its volcanic mountains, told in a kakawin, named Tangtu Panggelaran. Ethnic composition in Java can be considered relatively homogeneous, although it has a huge population compared to other major islands in Indonesia. There are two main ethnic groups native to the island, namely the ethnic Javanese and Sundanese. Madurese can also be regarded as a third group: they come from Madura island in the north east coast of Java, and has been a massive migration to East Java since the 18th century. The number of Java is about two-thirds of the population This island, while the Sundanese 20% Madurese and 10%. Four major cultural areas located on this island: the central Javanese culture (Javanese) in the center, the coastal culture of Java (pasisiran) on the north coast, Sundanese culture (Pasundan) in the west, and cultural Osing (Blambangan) in the east. Madurese culture is sometimes regarded as a fifth, given its strong relationships with the coastal culture of Java. Kejawen regarded as the most dominant Javanese culture. Javanese aristocracy remained located in this region, which is also the region of origin of most of the soldiers, businessmen, and political elites in Indonesia. Language, art, and manners prevailing in this region is considered the most delicate and the Java community role model. of agricultural land fertile and populous of Banyumas Indonesia stretches from the west to the east Blitar. Java is where the founding of many influential kingdoms in Southeast Asia,  and therefore there are a variety of literary works by authors of Java. One is the story of Ken Arok and Ken Dedes, the story of orphans who had become king and marry the queen of ancient Javanese kingdom, and in addition there are also many translations of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Pramoedya Ananta Tur is a famous contemporary Indonesian author, who wrote extensively on his personal experiences growing up in Java, and it takes many elements of folk tales and legends in the history of Java into his compositions.