YOGYAKARTA

Special Region of Yogyakarta Special Region-level is the province in Indonesia that includes (the State) of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and the [State] Duchy Paku Alaman. Special Region of Yogyakarta is located in the southern central part of Java and Central Java province bordering the Indian Ocean. Special Region has an area of ​​3185.80 km2 consists of one city and four counties, which are subdivided into 78 subdistricts and 438 villages / wards. According to the 2010 census had a population of 3.45239 million souls to the proportion of 1,705,404 men and 1,746,986 women, and has a population density of 1084 inhabitants per km2 . The mention of Yogyakarta nomenclature that is too long causes the frequent occurrence of condensation nomenkaltur into DI Yogyakarta, or DIY. This Special Region of Yogyakarta is often identified with the city so incorrectly called Jogja, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta. Despite having the second smallest area after the Province of Jakarta Special Region is renowned nationally and internationally.

Special Region of Yogyakarta become a prime tourist destination after Bali. In addition to the Special Region of Yogyakarta hardest by the earthquake on May 27, 2006 and the eruption of Mount Merapi in mid-October to November 2010.Before the independence of Indonesia, Yogyakarta is an area that has its own government called Zelfbestuurlandschappen / Autonomous Region, the Sultanate and the Duchy Pakualaman Ngayogyakarta. Ngayogyakarta Sultanate was founded by Prince Mangkubumi who holds the lane I in 1755, while the Duchy Pakualaman Notokusumo founded by Prince (his lane II) who holds the Duke of Paku Alam I in 1813. The Government recognizes the Sultanate and the Dutch East Indies empire Pakualaman as the right to set its own domestic politics expressed in the contract. Politics of the last contract listed in the Sultanate Staatsblaad 1941 No. 47, while the political contract Staatsblaad Pakualaman in 1941 Number 577. Existence of the two kingdoms have received international recognition, both in the Dutch colonial period, Britain, and Japan. When the Japanese left Indonesia, the kingdom is ready to own an independent state, complete with a system of government (original composition), the region and its inhabitants. After the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia (RI), lane IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII declared the President of Indonesia, the Sultanate of Yogyakarta Regional and Local Pakualaman into the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, joined into a unity that is expressed as the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). Lane IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII as Regional Head and Deputy Head directly responsible to the President. It is expressed in: Charter lane position IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII, dated August 19, 1945 from the President. Mandate lane IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII dated 5 September 1945 (made separately). Message of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII, dated October 30, 1945 (made in the manuscript). In the course of subsequent history of the position of DIY as province-level autonomous regions in accordance with the intent of article 18 of the Constitution of 1945 (before the change) is regulated by Law No. 22 of 1948 Basic Law on Local Government. As a follow-up and Yogyakarta Special Region was formed by Act No. 3 of 1950 on the establishment of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Government Regulation No. 31 of 1950 as amended and supplemented recently by Law No. 9 of 1955 (State Gazette Year 1959 Number 71, Supplement State Gazette Number 1819) which is still valid. The law stated includes DIY Regional and Local Sultanate Ngayogyakarta Pakualaman Duchy. At any legislation governing Local Government, declared the privilege DIY is still recognized, as stated last in Act No. 32 of 2004. In the history of the struggle to maintain the independence of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), DIY has an important role. Proven on January 4, 1946 until the date of December 27, 1949 [7] have made the capital of the Republic of Indonesia. January 4, is then defined to be the day the Republic of Yogyakarta city in 2010. At this time led by the Sultanate Ngayogyakarta lane X and the Duchy Pakualaman led by Sri Paku Alam IX, which also served as Governor and Deputy Governor of Yogyakarta. Both play a decisive role in preserving cultural values ​​and customs of Java and Yogyakarta is a unifying society.DIY is located in south-central part of Java Island, is geographically located at 7o3'-8o12 'south latitude and 110o00'-110o50' east longitude. Based on the landscape, the DIY can be grouped into four physiographic units, namely Merapi Volcano physiographic units, physiographic unit of the Southern Mountains or Thousand Mountains, Mountains Kulonprogo physiographic units, and the Lowlands physiographic unit. Merapi Volcano physiographic units, which extend from volcanic cones to the fluvial plains volcanic landscapes including volcanic, including Lahore, the city of Yogyakarta and Bantul part. Areas and slopes of the volcano cone is a protected forest area as a water catchment area of ​​the subordinate. Landscape unit is located in northern Lahore. Mount Merapi is an active volcano with special characteristics, has appeal as an object of research, education, and tourism. Karts dominated the fine structure of the earth in the southern Gunungkidul Unit of the Southern Mountains or Thousand Mountains, located in the region Gunungkidul, a region of limestone hills (limestone) and the barren karst landscape and lack of surface water, with the center of the basin Wonosari (Wonosari Basin) which has undergone tectonic removal to form to Plato Wonosari (Wonosari plateau). This unit is the result of landscape solusional processes (leaching), with limestone parent material and has a shallow layer of soil characteristics and vegetation cover is very rare. Unit Kulonprogo Mountains, located in northern Kulonprogo, a structural landscape denudasional with hilly topography, steep slopes and small ground water potential. Lowland units, a fluvial landscape (the deposition process of the river) which is dominated by alluvial plains, stretching across the south of Yogyakarta, ranging from Kulonprogo to Bantul, which borders the Thousand Mountains. This unit is a fertile area. Included in this unit are the marine landscape and eolin that have not been utilized, is a coastal region stretching from Kulonprogo to Bantul. Special landscape and marine Parangtritis eolin in Bantul, which is famous for its sand dunes, is a natural laboratory for the study of coastal landforms. Plains Parangtritis Physiographic conditions that affected the population distribution, the availability of infrastructure and facilities, and social and economic activities of the population, as well as progress between regions of unequal development. Areas that are relatively flat, such as fluvial plains region covering Sleman, Yogyakarta and Bantul District (particularly in the Urban Agglomeration of Yogyakarta) is a region with high population density and has a social and economic activities with high intensity, so it is a more advanced regions and develop. Two watersheds (DAS) is quite large in DIY is in the western basin and watershed Progo Opak-Oya in the east. The rivers are well known in the province include the River Attack, Progo, Bedog River, River Winongo, Boyong River-Code, Gajah Wong River, River Opak, and Oya River.